Embark on a captivating journey through the vibrant history of Fuerteventura, from its days as a haven for exiles to its present allure as a tropical paradise. Discover the island’s intriguing past, shaped by ancient civilizations, conquests, and the resilience of its people. Join us as we unveil the untold stories that make Fuerteventura a destination rich in history and charm.
History of Fuerteventura
Pre-Hispanic Era: 2,000 b.C. to XIV
The island’s ancient roots trace back to times known only to the Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans. The Romans, envisioning its flat landscape, called it Planaria, while the abundance of goats earned it the name Capraria. Around 1,000 BC, Fuerteventura welcomed its first inhabitants, drawn by the call of uncharted lands, escaping desertification, and fleeing conflicts in their homelands.
Fuerteventura, a haven of new hope from day one.
In this era, Fuerteventura bore the name Erbania, a nod to “Ar-Bani” in the aboriginal language of Gran Canaria, signifying “La Pared” (The Wall). This referred to a defensive barrier in the Jandía Peninsula, shaping a dramatic division that sparked conflict between two realms. The island’s ancient tapestry begins to unfold, revealing a saga of migrations, environmental challenges, and territorial strife.
The inhabitants of Fuerteventura referred to their island as “Mahoh,” signifying “My Country” in their language, which may resonate with you as it bears a resemblance to the island’s name, Majorero. These people were known for their nobility, tranquility, and justice, dedicating themselves to shepherding, agriculture, and the gathering of seafood and fish.
People from Fuerteventura: MAJORERO = Mahoh (My country)
Prior to the Castilian conquest of Fuerteventura, various expeditions were undertaken by groups such as Mallorcans, Catalans, Andalusians, Basques, and Portuguese. Collaborating with Genoese, Florentines, Venetians, and other sailors and traders from the Italian Peninsula, these journeys predominantly set sail from peninsular ports.
Hispanic Conquest: XV
The era of the Hispanic conquest in the history of Fuerteventura took place in the early 15th century. The island was conquered in the year 1402 by the Normans Jean de Bethencourt and Gadifer de la Salle. This expedition marked the beginning of Hispanic presence on the island and laid the groundwork for colonization and Spanish cultural influence in Fuerteventura. The island was subsequently incorporated as a lordship under the King of Castile in 1405.
The three-year conquest was marked by a gradual coexistence, not violence, paving the way for a new chapter in the island’s history.
Post-Conquest to the 19th Century
Notable events during this time included:
Pirate Raids: Fuerteventura faced frequent pirate raids, motivated by the need for water and livestock. One notable invasion occurred in 1593, leading to a brief period of Berber control and the destruction of the capital.
Territorial Defenses: To guard against potential future incursions, defensive points were established, such as Barranco de la Torre, El Cotillo, and Caleta de Fuste.
Economic Shifts: In the late 18th century, Fuerteventura experienced economic growth with the initiation of trade in products like barilla, cochineal, orchil, cascarilla, and jicanejo, marking a departure from the challenges of cereal-based agriculture.
Emigrations: The 18th and 19th centuries saw periods of famine, leading to significant emigrations first to Gran Canaria and Tenerife, and later to the Americas, including Montevideo, Buenos Aires, Mexico, Venezuela, and Cuba.
Consolidation of Señorío: In the early 17th century, the Señorío de Fuerteventura was established and held by the house of Arias and Saavedra, enduring until the abolition of señoríos by the Cortes of Cádiz in the early 19th century.
Overall, this period was characterized by a complex interplay of economic changes, defensive strategies, and population movements, shaping Fuerteventura’s trajectory through the centuries.
20th Century to Present:
In the 20th century, Fuerteventura underwent significant transformations. After the Spanish Civil War in 1936, efforts were made in land cultivation, erosion prevention, and terrace farming. Commercial activities were promoted, with Puerto Cabras becoming the island’s capital. The opening of the Gran Tarajal port further facilitated tomato production and export.
However, the most profound shift occurred in the 1970s, as Fuerteventura experienced a substantial economic and social transformation with the rise of tourism. The population shifted toward coastal areas, and the island evolved into a sought-after global destination, embracing its rich history while showcasing modern charms. Today, Fuerteventura stands as a dynamic blend of ancient legacy and contemporary allure.
Fuerteventura’s narrative, from ancient migrations to modern tourism, paints a vivid picture of resilience and transformation. Today, as visitors explore its sun-kissed shores, they become part of an ongoing story, where the echoes of the past harmonize with the vibrant energy of the present. Fuerteventura’s timeless odyssey invites all to delve into a living history that continues to shape its enchanting landscapes and welcoming spirit.
